A study published ahead of print on December 10, 2008 in the journal Preventive Medicine estimated the probable decreases in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to implementation of a smokefree air law. The authors wrote that, "After evaluating several possible combinations of these parameters, we found that AMI reductions of 5-15% seem likely." They concluded that, "...our simulation-based estimates indicate that regulations banning smoking in public places can cause immediate and relevant decreases in AMI incidence in the population through prevention of exposure to passive smoking."

A study published in the April 2008 issue of Minerva Cardioangiologica concluded "that there has been an appreciable reduction in the incidence of heart attacks in the period immediately subsequent to the coming into force of the non-smoking law in the populations surveyed, and that this reduction mainly regards men of working age. The reduction reverses a trend that has been evident for a number of years, namely that of a decidedly upward trend in the number of admissions for AMI."

A study published online in advance of print in the journal Circulation on February 11, 2008 found "a statistically significant reduction in acute coronary events in the adult population after the smoking ban. The size of the effect was consistent with the pollution reduction observed in indoor public places and with the known health effects of passive smoking."

A study published online in advance of print on August 29, 2006 in the European Heart Journal, studied hospital admissions for heart attacks in northern Italy in order to "to evaluate whether a national law banning smoking in public resulted in a short-term reduction in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)." The authors concluded that, "Our study, based on a population of about 4 million inhabitants, suggests that smoke-free policies may result in a short-term reduction in admissions for AMI."